Palavras-chave
Addition
Artificial pozzolan
Sustainability
Supplementary cementitious materials
Substitutos do cimento
Pozolana artificial
Sustentabilidade
Materiais cimentícios suplementares
Como Citar
Resumo
Cement production impacts the environment from raw materials extraction to its industrialized production. Implementing supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) to replace cement is an economical and sustainable practice. Agricultural wastes, for example, represent a new source of SCM studied over the last decades, mainly due to its high generation around the world. Among the published review papers about agro-waste in civil construction, bamboo ashes (BA) appear secondary in large-scale studies. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate BA potential use in the construction industry as cement replacement by identifying their behavior in cementitious compounds and discovering the research gaps about this topic. We overviewed the published literature about concrete made with BA, synthesizing data about BA chemical composition and mechanical and physical characteristics of cementitious materials made with these ashes. We identified a preference for bamboo leaves ashes as SCM, potentially due to its high silica amount. However, other biological and environmental parameters that alter the bamboo chemical composition were not discussed in the papers. Concerning compressive strength, 90% of the studies with BA reported cementitious materials with a strength activity index acceptable for use. This review also identified an optimal percentage of cement replacement with BA ranging from 8% to 12% in concrete specimens. Concrete and mortar with BA also showed a lower density than the reference samples made only with cement. We concluded that BA are promising alternatives to replace cement since they provide desirable mechanical and physical characteristics to concrete and meet sustainability requirements. Besides that, we raised some topics that may guide future researches: (1) the natural and artificial parameters that affect BA composition; (2) BA chemical and physical behavior under microscopical conditions in cementitious composites; and (3) the economic advantages associated with replacing cement with BA.
Keywords: Cement substitutes. Addition. Artificial pozzolan. Sustainability. Supplementary cementitious materials.
Cinzas de bambu como alternativa eco-amigável ao cimento - uma revisão sistemática
Resumo
A produção de cimento impacta o meio ambiente desde a extração de matérias-primas até sua produção industrializada, o que reforça a demanda por materiais cimentícios suplementares (MCS) para substituir, mesmo que parcialmente, o uso do cimento. Os resíduos agrícolas, por exemplo, são um bom exemplo de MCS estudado nas últimas décadas, principalmente devido à sua alta geração em todo o mundo. Dentre os artigos de revisão publicados sobre o uso de resíduos agrícolas na construção civil, as cinzas de bambu figuram apenas como subtópico em estudos maiores. Logo, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial do uso de cinzas de bambu na indústria da construção civil como substituinte parcial ao cimento identificando seu comportamento em compostos cimentícios e sugerindo temas para pesquisas futuras. Esta revisão sistemática fornece uma visão geral da literatura publicada sobre argamassas e concretos feito com cinzas de bambu, sintetizando dados sobre a composição química dessas cinzas e as características mecânicas e físicas dos materiais cimentícios feitos com elas. Identificou-se uma preferência pelo uso de cinzas de bambu advindas da calcinação das folhas dessa planta, potencialmente devido ao seu alto teor de sílica. No entanto, existem parâmetros biológicos e ambientais que alteram a composição química do bambu e que não são discutidos pelos artigos. Quanto à resistência, 90% dos estudos que empregaram cinzas de bambu reportaram à resistência compressão admissível para uso em construções. Levantou-se, também, que a porcentagem ideal de substituição de cimento por cinzas de bambu varia de 8% a 12% em amostras de concreto. Os materiais cimentícios com cinzas de bambu também apresentaram densidade menor que a das amostras de referência feitas apenas com cimento. Conclui-se pelo estudo que as cinzas de bambu são alternativas promissoras para substituir parcialmente o cimento visto que elas proporcionam boas características mecânicas e físicas ao concreto e atendem a demandas sustentáveis. Além disso, foram levantadas lacunas na literatura que podem guiar futuras pesquisas, quais sejam: (1) os parâmetros naturais e artificiais que afetam a composição química das cinzas de bambu; (2) o comportamento químico e físico de cinzas de bambu em compósitos cimentícios sob condições microscópicas; e (3) as vantagens econômicas associadas a substituir parcialmente cimento por cinzas de bambu.
Palavras-chave: Substitutos do cimento. Adição. Pozolana artificial. Sustentabilidade. Materiais cimentícios suplementares.
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